Tested Warranty
Posted on Sunday, January 9th, 2011 at 6:35 pm
How does electrical appliances, machines, etc… warranty/guarantee period is determined?
Usually a maker will put how many years their products will last. What types of tests, laws or theories do engineers use to determine how long the product will last?
Well they would run their product through many tests that simulate regular usage of the product. The actual tests obviously depend on the product; you wouldn’t use crash tests to test the expected lifetime of a washing machine for example. It also depends on how long the product might last. If the product is expected to last around 20 years, they’ll probably come up with some sort of intensive testing system to speed up the failure times (i.e. they might be able to cause a failure in 2 weeks instead of 20 years), in which case they need to figure out how to translate the results from the intensive tests to the results expected under normal operating conditions.
If they’re able to test many units at once (i.e. it’s not prohibitively expensive to wreck a bunch of their products), then they would end up with a distribution of failure times for the product. This might seem like a problem, for example, computers cost 100′s of dollars, so it would be too expensive to run tests with many units. However, the company only needs to test the ‘weakest link’ so to speak, that is, the part that’s most likely to fail first.
Once they gather all the data from testing, they can come up with a statistical model for the failure times. From there, they could estimate the ‘average’ lifetime of the product, as well as the probability of the product failing after any amount of time. The company would then chose a warranty period which they expect to earn enough extra profit (from the extra sales, since the warranty provides an incentive to buy the product) to at least balance the expected losses (from people exercising the warranty).
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